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what's up for October the Andromeda

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galaxy hello and welcome I'm Jane

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Houston Jones at NASA's Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory in Pasadena California 2009

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is international year of astronomy and

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every month this year we'll be

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showcasing a great celestial view this

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month it's the Andromeda galaxy when you

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look up at the october sky you'll easily

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see solar system objects like jupiter

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and the moon you can also see stars

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clumps and knots of nebulosity in our

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Milky Way galaxy but did you know you

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can actually see another galaxy with

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your own eyes even without a telescope

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the Andromeda galaxy is the most distant

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easily visible object in the sky and

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it's also the largest and closest spiral

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galaxy that we can see

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it's visible even under moderate light

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polluted skies as a misty patch through

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binoculars and telescopes more and more

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detail is revealed to the observer

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astronomers have observed the Andromeda

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galaxy for over a thousand years Persian

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astronomer al Sufi was the first to

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record and sketch his observations of

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what he called the little cloud in 964

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he published this observation and many

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others in his book of fixed stars since

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the 16th century many astronomers

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rediscovered the Andromeda galaxy

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unaware of the earlier sightings Simon

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Marius first viewed the galaxy through a

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telescope in 1612 it is also known as

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m31 on Charles Messier's list of objects

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although he was aware of some of the

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earlier sightings in 1887 the first

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photograph revealed the spiral structure

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of the Andromeda galaxy which was then

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known as a nebula and in the early 20th

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century Edwin Hubble study of the

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Andromeda nebula proved that the nebula

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was not just a star cluster in our own

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Milky Way but a separate galaxy

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NASA's Swift satellite recently acquired

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the highest resolution view of a

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neighbouring spiral galaxy ever attained

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in ultraviolet wavelengths Swift

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revealed about 20,000 ultraviolet

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sources in the Andromeda galaxy

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especially hot young stars and dense

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star clusters NASA's Spitzer Space

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Telescope Galaxy Evolution Explorer and

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Chandra x-ray Observatory also observed

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the Andromeda galaxy in infrared

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ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths in

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addition to the Andromeda galaxy you can

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still catch a great view of our Milky

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Way galaxy this month

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both are nearly overhead but while

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distant Andromeda is seen as a fuzzy

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oval in the constellation Andromeda the

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Milky Way spans the sky from east to

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overhead to the west it's a gorgeous

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sight from a dark sky again this month

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back to our solar system Jupiter reigns

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as king of the planets in the western

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sky and Mars will rise before midnight

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by the end of the month making it a late

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night pumpkin color treat on halloween

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you can learn all about NASA's missions